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< Back < Previous | Next > “Geopolitics is back in the boardroom”: a conversation with Marhijn Visser Tom Scott 3 Mar 2026 Ahead of WTO MC14, shifting trade dynamics and geopolitical pressures are directly affecting supply chain resilience, digital trade continuity and long-term planning; we discuss what Dutch business should anticipate and how engagement can strengthen predictability. “Geopolitics is back in the boardroom”: a conversation with Marhijn Visser As the World Trade Organization prepares for the next Ministerial Conference (MC14) later this month, questions about the future of multilateral trade have never been more pressing. Marhijn Visser, Deputy Director of International Affairs at VNO-NCW and MKB-Nederland and Board Member of ICC Netherlands, will once again join the Dutch delegation. With experience from both inside government and at the WTO, he shares his perspective on reform, geopolitics and what Dutch business should prepare for next. Ahead of MC14, the WTO has been described as being ‘at a crossroads.’ Is that correct? And is it still fit for purpose? To put it diplomatically, people say this at every ministerial conference. For example, two years ago in Abu Dhabi, everyone was saying it was the ‘make or break summit’. However, the reality is more nuanced. On the one hand, the WTO is still very relevant. Around 75% of global trade still takes place under WTO rules, not under free trade agreements. Trade continues to flow, and the rulebook still provides the foundation for the global trading system. On the other hand, reform is clearly needed. One major issue is that the dispute settlement system is no longer fully functioning, because the United States has blocked the appointment of judges to the Appellate Body. It’s good to keep in mind that while President Trump started this in his first term, it was already underway during President Obama’s administration, then continued by President Biden. So this is not only a Republican issue. The second problem is that the rulebook itself is outdated. It has not been updated for over 30 years. Since then, we have seen the rise of e-commerce, the Internet, artificial intelligence – none of which are reflected in the current framework. Industrial subsidies are another major issue. China, but also the United States and Europe, have significant subsidy programmes. And finally, there is the issue of consensus. Formal WTO decisions require agreement from all 160-plus members. In today’s geopolitical climate, that is increasingly difficult to achieve. In representing Dutch business at MC14, what are your key priorities for the Ministerial Conference? Reform of the WTO is the first priority. Without reform, the system risks becoming less relevant over time. Second is maintaining the moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions. This is extremely important. The moratorium ensures that countries do not impose customs duties on electronic transactions. If customs duties were applied to electronic transmissions, it would seriously disrupt digital trade. Third, there needs to be a broader discussion on industrial policy. We are currently seeing something of a global subsidy rat race, with major programmes in the United States, Europe and China. This has significant implications for competitiveness, making it more difficult for developing countries to keep up. The WTO remains the natural platform to discuss these issues. Trade policy is increasingly shaped by geopolitics. How should Dutch businesses adapt? The most important message is simple: geopolitics is back in the boardroom. This is something we hear not only from multinationals, but also from SMEs. As a result, long-term planning has become more difficult. The key response is resilience. One of the most effective tools companies have is due diligence. By mapping their supply chains and understanding their dependencies, companies can reduce risks and become more resilient. Interestingly, this overlaps with ESG requirements. If you are already conducting supply chain due diligence for ESG purposes, you are also strengthening your geopolitical resilience. This is not just a compliance exercise – it can become a competitive advantage. We are also seeing the emergence of new roles within companies, such as geopolitical risk specialists. That reflects how fundamentally the business environment has changed. What are the key trade policy priorities of the new Dutch government? We are very pleased that trade policy has been given a more central place by the new government. Around 35% of our national income comes from trade so it is essential that trade policy reflects that reality. We also see a change regarding the importance of free trade agreements. For example, the political debate around the EU-Mercosur agreement shifted significantly; there is increasing awareness that trade agreements are essential for supply chain diversification and economic security. Another positive development is that trade will again have a dedicated minister, rather than a state secretary. Budget cuts for embassies have also been reversed, which is important for supporting Dutch businesses abroad. Overall, I think politics in the Netherlands is moving in the right direction. Are you optimistic about the future of multilateral trade? Or are we entering a more transactional, power-driven era? We are clearly entering a new era. After the Cold War, we experienced what you could call both a peace dividend and a globalisation dividend. Companies and societies benefited from stability and open markets. We are now finally waking up to the fact that era is over. We are entering a more unstable and uncertain global environment; we cannot simply go back to business as usual. At the same time, change is possible. For example, the EU recently concluded a trade agreement with India after more than 20 years of negotiations. This shows you that, once the political will was there, progress was made quickly. Change is possible, if we want it to happen. The same could happen at the WTO – but it will require leadership and engagement. What role should business play in shaping the future of the trading system? Business needs to be more vocal and more engaged. At the last Ministerial Conference in Abu Dhabi, there was an enormous business presence; hundreds, perhaps thousands of representatives. That shows how much is at stake. The International Chamber of Commerce has a particularly important role to play as a bridge between business communities around the world. In many countries, especially in the Global South, government positions do not always fully reflect the interests of their own business communities. By strengthening dialogue and cooperation between businesses globally, ICC can help ensure that the voice of business is heard more clearly. That's the main priority – and we’re happy to contribute to that.

< Back < Previous | Next > A Deeper Dive into the Importance of Dispute-Resolution Clauses Tom Scott 3 Feb 2026 Dispute-resolution clauses are often treated as boilerplate — but they are anything but. In our latest interview, Marieke Schaink explains why getting them right is a core element of risk management in international contracts. A Deeper Dive into the Importance of Dispute-Resolution Clauses An interview with Marieke Schaink , Partner at Avizor advocates & arbitrators Marieke Schaink has worked primarily in international arbitration since beginning her legal career in 2011, save for a three-and-a-half-year stint at the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM). As a Partner at Avizor advocates & arbitrators, she specialises in commercial arbitration, with a particular focus on complex contractual disputes. In this interview, she explains why dispute-resolution clauses deserve far more attention than they often receive. Why is it so important for companies to think carefully about dispute-resolution clauses at the contracting stage? A dispute-resolution clause determines the framework of how a dispute will be resolved: who will decide the dispute, where it will be decided, under which rules, and how the outcome can ultimately be enforced. In that sense, it is much more than a technical clause: it’s actually a risk management tool. If it is not correctly formulated, there is a real risk that a dispute cannot be resolved efficiently, or that an award is rendered but cannot be enforced. Even though it may seem like a small issue, a well-written dispute-resolution clause makes sure that both parties know exactly what to expect and can resolve disputes through a clear, structured and efficient process. Why is the contracting stage the right moment to address this? At the contracting stage, parties’ interests are aligned in at least one aspect: everyone wants the transaction to succeed. There is usually a willingness to give and take in order to reach an agreement. Once a dispute arises, that willingness often disappears: the parties find themselves on opposing sides and, at a minimum, perceive each proposal from the other as disadvantaging them, which in turn makes them less engaged and less open-minded. So agreeing on procedural matters becomes much more difficult. Addressing dispute resolution early avoids that problem, at least to some extent. In cross-border contracts, is international enforceability the key advantage of arbitration? International enforceability is one of arbitration’s most important qualities, particularly due to the New York Convention. A large number of countries are party to it, which means arbitration awards can be recognised and enforced almost worldwide. That level of enforceability is difficult to achieve with court judgments. What elements should companies include to ensure an arbitration clause is effective and enforceable? There are several ‘must-haves’ in an arbitration clause; you have to include these otherwise things just don’t work. The most fundamental is an unequivocal submission to arbitration; it must be absolutely clear that the parties are opting out of the state court system. Another crucial element is the seat of arbitration, which determines the nationality of the award and the applicable arbitration law. Choosing a reputable, arbitration-friendly seat with an independent legal system is vital. That’s because non-reputable seats or non-arbitration-friendly jurisdictions certainly do exist. The third important element is whether to work with an arbitration institution. While parties can carry out arbitration without an institute – known as ad hoc arbitration – having an institute involved means that the arbitration process is taken care of. The institute provides rules, procedures, administrative support and safeguards against procedural deadlock. Beyond that, parties can include all kinds of add-ons such as language, number and qualifications of arbitrators. What are the most common mistakes you see in practice? I often see jurisdictional disputes caused by clauses that are unclear or imprecise. This frequently arises with split jurisdiction, where multiple dispute resolution mechanisms apply within the same contract. That choice can work, but the drafting must be extremely precise. If the language is unclear, a lot of time, effort and money may be lost on disputes about how the disputes should be resolved. That is not to say that more detail is the solution. In fact, another pitfall I see is overengineering. Being overly prescriptive, for example by stipulating narrow arbitrator qualifications, may sound sensible, but combined criteria (such as a specific language requirement plus expertise in the governing law) can severely shrink the arbitrator pool, slow appointments, and complicate the process. Why is Netherlands-seated ICC Arbitration particularly suitable for businesses? The ICC is an internationally renowned arbitral institution and ICC arbitration benefits from truly global input. The rules are shaped by contributions from local committees around the world, including the Netherlands, which makes them robust and well balanced. Combined with the Netherlands’ strong arbitration community, with experienced arbitrators, an independent, arbitration-literate judiciary, and an arbitration-friendly legal framework, this makes the Netherlands an attractive seat, even for disputes where neither party is Dutch. How can in-house counsel and commercial teams work better together on dispute-resolution strategies? It is important that in-house counsel understands commercial priorities, while commercial teams are aware of which legal points should not be conceded. That mutual understanding makes a real difference. I can imagine that in the heat of a transaction, achieving that mutual understanding can be difficult. A practical way to approach that can be to develop an internal playbook: a clear framework outlining preferred dispute-resolution options for different situations. Finally, what advice would you give to young practitioners starting out in arbitration? Get involved early. I waited quite long before actively participating in the arbitration community because it didn’t seem like something I’d truly enjoy or fit naturally into. But there are so many approachable events for young practitioners, and they offer real opportunities to learn, connect, and find mentors. My advice is to dive in: you’ll learn a great deal, build meaningful relationships, and, above all, it’s genuinely a lot of fun!

< Back < Previous | Next > EU AI Omnibus - ICC’s position Sara Galvagni 24 Feb 2026 How will the EU’s AI and Digital Omnibus adjustments affect compliance costs, cross-border data flows and AI deployment strategies? We examine the practical implications for Dutch and internationally active companies as negotiations move forward. EU AI Omnibus - ICC’s position On 19 November, the European Commission presented its proposal for a Digital Omnibus, a package intended to simplify and streamline the EU’s complex digital rulebook. The initiative is structured around two parallel components: an AI Omnibus focused on targeted adjustments to the AI Act, and a broader Digital Rulebook Omnibus, elements of the EU’s wider digital rulebook. Over the past few years, the European Union has developed an ambitious and far- reaching digital regulatory framework. Various instruments, including the Artificial Intelligence Act, the General Data Protection Regulation, the Digital Services Act, the Data Act, and the Data Governance Act, have reshaped the legal landscape, aiming to increase transparency and accountability while fostering trust in digital technologies. At the same time, the cumulative effect of this legislation has been a dense, and at times fragmented, compliance environment. Complexity, overlap, and growing implementation challenges are faced by businesses operating across the Single Market. Navigating overlapping compliance timelines, delegated acts, guidance, and technical standards has proven particularly demanding for companies of all sizes. The Digital Omnibus is presented as a response to these concerns. The goal is not to reopen political compromises, but to deliver targeted, practical corrections that make existing rules workable and predictable. From ICC’s perspective, this is both necessary and timely. The stakes for businesses are high. The Omnibus affects compliance costs, legal certainty, cross-border data flows, and innovation. Even technical amendments can influence operational planning, product design, investment choices, and global deployment strategies. The key question for globally operating companies is whether the proposed adjustments will genuinely reduce fragmentation and administrative burden, or whether they risk creating new forms of regulatory divergence that complicate cross-border operations. The problem today is no longer the absence of regulation, but rather gaps, distortions, and inconsistencies in implementation. One of the main concerns is the rollout of the AI Act. Many essential guidelines and harmonised standards are still pending, with some expected only shortly before obligations take effect. This leaves companies in the difficult position of preparing for compliance without the technical clarity or operational tools they need. At the same time, rapid policy reactions to the rise of large language models have introduced adjustments that risk moving the Act away from its original technology- neutral and risk-based design. Maintaining this foundational structure is critical to preserving legal certainty across sectors and along the AI value chain. More broadly, implementation challenges across the EU digital framework highlight the need for corrections. Under the GDPR, enforcement has become increasingly expansive and uneven, with over 40 data protection authorities interpreting obligations differently. Key concepts are sometimes applied so broadly that compliance extends beyond the regulation’s intended scope. Without clearer limits, there is a risk that almost all data is treated as sensitive by default, which undermines proportionality and complicates legitimate uses like bias detection or AI system improvement.Structural inconsistencies also complicate compliance. The split between GDPR and ePrivacy has created parallel rules for cookies and device access, while traffic data is treated differently under the ePrivacy Directive and the Data Act, particularly in IoT contexts. This again creates a fragmented approach with operational gaps, conflicting obligations, and duplicative requirements, driving legal uncertainty and higher costs, in particular for SMEs and mid-sized companies operating across borders. In today’s fast-evolving digital landscape, ICC sees the Digital Omnibus as a golden opportunity to bring coherence and proportionality back to European digital regulation, to make life simpler for businesses. When it comes to Artificial Intelligence, timing matters. High-risk AI rules should only be rolled out once harmonized standards, clear guidance, and practical compliance tools are ready. A temporary pause on some obligations would give companies legal certainty and prevent fragmented application across Member States. Realistic transition period, especially for one-stop-shop provisions, will help businesses implement new rules smoothly without unnecessary hurdles. ICC also calls for stronger, coordinated oversight under the AI Act. A central role for the EU AI Office, paired with simplified interfaces with national authorities, would reduce regulatory fragmentation and ensure consistent, predictable enforcement, which would benefit both businesses and consumers. Proportionality in GDPR enforcement is equally crucial. Clear definitions of “personal data” and a focus on intentional rather than hypothetical risks for sensitive data will reduce administrative burdens without compromising protection, making compliance more practical for companies of all sizes. Finally, ICC supports a unified approach to cookies and device access, aligned with the GDPR, eliminating the current patchwork with ePrivacy rules, to ensure one singular, consistent framework for handling traffic and IoT data, thereby reducing complexity and enhancing predictability for businesses operating across Europe. The guiding principle behind ICC’s position is clear: EU digital regulation must align with global standards and support seamless cross-border data flows. AI innovation and deployment rely on trusted international data transfers, so any adjustments under the Digital Omnibus should preserve the free flow of data, build trust, and avoid EU-specific technical divergences or localization requirements that fragment markets and drive up costs. ICC emphasizes that the Omnibus should focus on practical solutions to real-world implementation challenges, ensuring that existing rules are workable, coherent, and enforceable. Done right, this approach will support innovation, enhance competitiveness, and accelerate the adoption of digital technologies across Europe, while delivering tangible benefits for businesses.

< Back < Previous | Next > General Assembly Trading Blows or Building Bridges? Navigating Global Trade in a Multipolar World 20 May 2025 As global trade becomes increasingly politicised, polarised, and unpredictable, how should businesses respond? On 20 May, ICC Netherlands gathered leading voices from business, policy, and finance to explore the realities—and responsibilities—of trading in a multipolar world. What emerged was a clear message: navigating complexity isn’t optional, it’s strategic. On May 20, ICC Netherlands brought together members, partners, and experts for its 2025 General Assembly and a high-level discussion on the future of trade in an increasingly fragmented world. Hosted by Rabobank in Utrecht, the event gathered perspectives from leading voices across business, government, finance, and international institutions, reflecting the urgency, complexity, and strategic opportunities facing global trade today. Setting the Stage: From Strategic Priorities to Strategic Action The afternoon opened with the ICC Netherlands General Assembly, where Director Laure Jacquier presented the organisation's achievements in 2024 and outlined strategic priorities for the years ahead. Key themes included digitalisation, sustainability, dispute resolution, and business integrity. Importantly, the General Assembly also marked the formal welcome of three new board members: Shashank Jhawar (ING), Marhijn Visser (VNO-NCW), and Rogier Schellaars (Van Doorne). Their addition reflects ICC's commitment to broad-based expertise and diverse sectoral representation. Following the formal session, attention turned to the broader landscape of international trade through two expert panel discussions moderated by Jasper van Schaik, ICC Board member and an Agricultural Program Expert, with Rabobank Partnerships. The core question at the heart of the event: Are we trading blows in a fractured world—or still intend on building bridges? Panel 1: Global Trade in Transition The first panel, "Global Trade in Transition," offered a macroeconomic view of the shifts redefining trade. Otto Raspe, Chief Economist at Rabobank, opened the session by posing a critical question: “Are we resilient enough?” Drawing from 8 trade war scenarios, Raspe emphasised a fundamental shift from prioritising growth to ensuring risk resilience, particularly in the face of increasing protectionism and geopolitical tensions. Daan Vriens, CEO of Cefetra Group, illustrated how these dynamics are already affecting agri-trade. Using soy as a case study, he highlighted how sourcing decisions are being reshaped by geopolitics. “Every trade has its own dynamics—especially in agriculture,” he noted, urging companies to proactively reassess their supply chains, especially SMEs. Andrew Wilson, Deputy Secretary General for Policy at ICC Global, delivered a powerful reminder that many of the rules underpinning today’s global trade regime were written in the mid-20th century. “Most of the rules we still rely on were written in the 1950s,” he said, referring to the outdated nature of WTO regulations and the growing disconnect between markets and the real economy. Wilson warned of systemic risks and stressed the urgency of reforming multilateral frameworks, a key agenda item of ICC. Energy markets added another layer to the discussion. Coby van der Linde, Senior Fellow at CIEP, challenged prevailing optimism around energy transitions. “Europe thinks it’s already in 2050,” she remarked, cautioning against overreliance on LNG and the need for cost competitiveness in alternative energy sources. Dirk Klaassen of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs added a pragmatic policy view, noting that the Dutch and EU approach remains rooted in dialogue and negotiated solutions. “Let’s keep talking—that’s still our strength,” he concluded. Panel 2: Navigating Complexity: A Business View If the first panel focused on systemic shifts, the second panel—"Navigating Complexity"—zoomed in on the day-to-day realities facing businesses operating in this uncertain landscape. Rico Luman, Senior Economist at ING, dubbed 2024 “the year of uncertainty for supply chains,” referencing geopolitical flashpoints and a likely uptick in tariffs. He called on businesses to prepare for a prolonged period of disruption and to invest in resilience. Esther Berkelaar, Head of Trade & Commodity Finance at Rabobank, echoed this concern, describing the current moment as “a bit paralysed.” With fewer trades being recorded and shifting market dynamics, she stressed the importance of scenario planning and legal clarity in cross-border transactions. Rogier Schellaars, Partner at Van Doorne, offered a legal perspective on governance challenges. He warned that many boardrooms still lack a realistic view of today’s trade risks, saying, “Realism is not what I always see in the Dutch boardroom.” He stressed the importance of aligning contracts with new realities. Marhijn Visser of VNO-NCW concluded the session with a strategic policy lens. Representing over 90% of Dutch businesses, he called for stronger internal alignment between public affairs and executive leadership. His standout message: "Every company should be asking: how does geopolitics affect our business?", taking geopolitics into consideration in your strategy is good business while mayny corporate see this as a cost post. He even suggested appointing a "Chief Geopolitical Officer" to ensure this question is no longer overlooked. A Shared Sense of Urgency Across both panels, one theme resonated clearly: we are entering a new era of trade. One where adaptability, geopolitical awareness, and collaboration are no longer optional, but essential. Whether facing outdated regulatory frameworks or navigating supply chain disruption, companies and institutions must think ahead, act together, and communicate across borders. The event closed with informal networking, but the conversations are set to continue—at upcoming ICC Netherlands working groups, international forums, and future events aimed at turning insights into impact. As one participant aptly summarised: "The system may be strained, but it's not broken. There is still time to build the bridges we need." ICC Netherlands would like to thank Rabobank for hosting the event and all speakers, participants, and partners for contributing to an insightful afternoon of dialogue and action. Read more about ICC Netherlands here

< Back < Previous | Next > The Eight Key Benefits of ICC Arbitration for Business Disputes Tom Scott 2 Jan 2026 The Eight Key Benefits of ICC Arbitration for Business Disputes When settling business disputes, choosing ICC arbitration over regular court systems offers businesses a wealth of advantages. We spoke to ICC Netherlands’ Secretary General Laure Jacquier to find out more. Here’s what we discovered: the eight key benefits of ICC arbitration. It’s hard to rank the advantages of ICC arbitration in order of importance. That’s because every dispute is different. That said, the key advantages below help explain why so many businesses turn to arbitration as a dispute resolution method. 1. Confidentiality: the foundation of trust Confidentiality is often the first benefit businesses mention when discussing arbitration. Unlike court proceedings, which are usually public, arbitration takes place behind closed doors. For companies dealing with sensitive commercial data, trade secrets or reputational risks, privacy is crucial. By keeping disputes out of the public eye, ICC arbitration allows parties to focus on finding solutions rather than managing unwanted exposure. “This level of privacy can be critical for maintaining a competitive edge and protecting a company’s reputation,” Laure explains. “ICC arbitration gives businesses peace of mind, knowing their interests are safeguarded.” 2. Efficiency instead of prolonged litigation Another major advantage is efficiency. Court cases can drag on for years, often involving appeals that add more time, cost and uncertainty (the very three things that are not included in a company’s strategic plan). In fast-moving industries, in particular, any time that can be saved makes a real difference. “In contrast, ICC arbitration is designed to move cases forward efficiently,” says Laure. “The ICC applies strict timelines, offers discounted fees if arbitrators are late in issuing awards, and provides expedited procedures where appropriate. This allows companies to resolve disputes faster and return their focus to running the business.” 3. Flexibility built around business needs Companies like to set their own agendas. As such, ICC arbitration offers a level of flexibility that court systems rarely match. Instead of rigid procedural rules, parties can tailor the process to fit the unique needs of their own dispute. This includes choosing arbitrators with relevant expertise and shaping how and where proceedings are held. “Parties can agree on the language, location, and procedural timetable,” Laure notes. “The process is designed with business realities in mind.” 4. Global enforceability under the New York Convention For companies operating across borders, enforceability is a massive concern. However, thanks to the New York Convention, ICC arbitration awards are recognized and enforceable in more than 170 countries. This means national courts in contracting states are generally required to enforce arbitral awards, subject to limited exceptions. “International enforceability is a major advantage,” says Laure. “It offers a level of certainty that court judgments don’t always provide, particularly when recognition across jurisdictions is uncertain.” What does this means in practical terms? “It ensures that an award carries real weight; it’s not just symbolic.” 5. A cost-effective option in the long run Although arbitration is sometimes seen as expensive, ICC arbitration often proves more cost-effective than lengthy court litigation. Prolonged lawsuits can generate high legal fees, court costs, and indirect business disruption. With its streamlined procedures, ICC arbitration “often results in lower overall costs,” Laure explains. “That allows businesses to focus on growth instead of mounting legal expenses.” 6. Impartiality and strong institutional oversight Neutrality is essential in international disputes. ICC arbitration addresses this through strict standards governing arbitrator independence and expertise. “Arbitrators are selected based on their independence and qualifications, ensuring decisions are made solely on the merits of the case,” Laure says. “Combined with oversight by the ICC International Court of Arbitration, this provides businesses with confidence in a fair and objective process.” 7. Predictability and procedural control Unlike congested court systems, ICC arbitration gives parties greater control over timelines and procedures. “Parties can agree on deadlines and structure the process to suit their needs,” Laure explains. “That predictability helps businesses manage disputes without unnecessary disruption. For ongoing operations, that level of control can be invaluable.” 8. Expert-driven decision-making Finally, ICC arbitration allows disputes to be decided by arbitrators with industry-specific expertise. The flipside to this is that court judges may not always have specialized knowledge of complex commercial or technical issues. “This expertise leads to more informed and commercially sensible decisions,” Laure concludes. “Businesses benefit from the insight of professionals who truly understand their industry.”

< Back Martje de Vries Lentsch De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek Arbitrator Biography Martje is a partner in De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek's International Arbitration & Litigation practice. She is widely known for her expertise in commercial arbitration and complex cross-border litigation, notably in the field of energy, where she advises clients on critical strategic matters and has represented these companies in a range of arbitrations and court cases. She has 15 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. This includes in-house experience gathered during a secondment to Shell's litigation department in Houston and her role as litigator at the Houston office of Haynes & Boone. Clients value Martje as an accomplished practitioner who can advise on both legal and economic issues in highly complex disputes. She also manages highly political and sensitive disputes and negotiations, managing numerous stakeholders and interests. Martje's expertise also includes disputes related to joint ventures and collaboration agreements, and issues related to recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments and annulment of arbitral awards as well as related attachment proceedings. As a member of the ICC International Court of Arbitration (ICC), Martje actively participates in the Court’s judicial supervision of ICC arbitrations, including the appointment of arbitrators, decisions on challenges against arbitrators, and the scrutiny and approval of ICC arbitral awards. In addition, Martje is an executive board member of the Dutch Arbitration Association and included in the Netherlands Arbitration Institute (NAI) and the Shanghai Arbitration Commission’s (SAC) panels of arbitrators. Martje has been included in GAR's latest edition of its '45 under 45' – a guide to the leading younger practitioners in international arbitration. Martje’s recent work includes advising and representing: an international energy company in various gas price review arbitrations under long-term gas sales agreements under the ICC and UNCITRAL rules in English and German; an international energy company in three ICC arbitrations under New York law arising out of long-term LNG purchase contracts; energy companies in a variety of arbitration and litigation matters related to the accelerated shut-in of and damage claims in relation to the Groningen gas field; a commercial airport in legal proceedings on a large construction project; Shell before the Dutch courts in a case under Nigerian law brought by four Nigerian farmers and environmental organisation Milieudefensie related to oil spills in Nigeria, and the successful mediation between the parties Contact Details Netherlands +31 20 577 1384 martje.devrieslentsch@debrauw.com Additional Links Link About ICC Netherlands We ensure that Dutch business interests are heard and represented in international policymaking. We deliver tools and standards that simplify cross-border business like model contracts or Incoterms®. We support fair and efficient dispute resolution . Become a member Upcoming events Learn more Check our latest news! News Languages Spoken Dutch, English Specialisation Joint Ventures, Energy, Commercial, Collaboration Agreements, Enforcement and Annulment of Arbitral Awards Bar Admission(s) Credentials CV

< Back Marieke Witkamp Marieke Witkamp LLC Arbitrator Biography Marieke Witkamp FCIArb is a Houston based international arbitrator with an LLM in Dutch and US Law and a Texas bar license. She also holds the CIArb Diploma in International Maritime Arbitration. Marieke has a unique professional background. She is originally trained as a commercial judge in the Netherlands and became an international commercial and arbitration lawyer after moving abroad to the United States and the Middle East. She dealt with ICC arbitrations as counsel in Qatar and worked as in-house counsel in the Dutch energy industry and the sports & entertainment industry of Qatar. She is therefore familiar with every perspective when it comes to dealing with disputes: as the court, as counsel and as the client. Working on 3 continents has also given her a proper understanding of the different expectations that parties may have in cross-border disputes. Marieke’s areas of expertise are maritime, insurance, construction, energy law and post M&A disputes but she is comfortable with almost any contractual dispute that comes up. As a judge she had to deal with anything that entered her docket - she is trained to familiarize herself with new types of commercial conflicts and legal issues in a short time. Marieke’s significant experience as an arbitrator includes sitting as sole arbitrator, emergency arbitrator, party and chair arbitrator in commercial disputes with seats in the US, UK and the Netherlands. Marieke is a hands-on arbitrator who takes her responsibility to start off a procedure in the best way possible. She will customize a procedure to the parties’ needs and will take the necessary decisions to keep a procedure on track. She is often asked as chair as she is very experienced in managing cases, leading hearings and writing fair and well-reasoned awards. Marieke frequently travels to the Netherlands/Benelux and will not charge for travel expenses. Contact Details Tomball, TX 77375, Verenigde Staten +18324586340 marieke.witkamp@outlook.com Additional Links Link About ICC Netherlands We ensure that Dutch business interests are heard and represented in international policymaking. We deliver tools and standards that simplify cross-border business like model contracts or Incoterms®. We support fair and efficient dispute resolution . Become a member Upcoming events Learn more Check our latest news! News Languages Spoken English, Dutch Specialisation Construction, Engineering, Arts,Leisure, Entertainment, Tourism, Sales, Purchases, Transport, Maritime, Pharmaceutical, Joint Ventures, Consortia, Cooperation, Insurance, Energy and Natural Resources, Distribution, Franchising, Corporate Law / M&A, Real Estate Shipbuilding Bar Admission(s) US (US Bar) Credentials CV

< Back < Previous | Next > Integrity & Culture 2025 OECD Global Anti-Corruption and Integrity Forum and ICC side event on business and government as partners for integrity to the OECD 6 Apr 2025 At the 2025 OECD Global Anti-Corruption and Integrity Forum, ICC hosted a side event to boost business-government collaboration on integrity, highlighting tools like updated anti-corruption clauses. Forum discussions focused on bribery solicitation, tech-driven anti-corruption efforts, integrity in the green transition, and public-private cooperation for fairer global markets. On the sidelines of the OECD -OCDE Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum on March 24 in Paris, the ICC Global Commission on Business Integrity connected government and business leaders in encourage strong ethical standards that drive trust, investment, and strong-success for all. Key Takeaways • Companies need to sharpen their capacity to detect and assess geopolitical dynamics to do global business. • Harnessing trade facilitation to bolster integrity at border crossings. There are key risks at borders. Public and private partnerships are recommended to mitigate the risks. • Tools to drive integrity through contracts-update of ICC Anti-Corruption Clause. • ICC Guidance on Responsible Business for Challenging Contexts is an essential tool to support companies in anticipating crisis situations • Stronger together. Businesses and governments unite to drive integrity forward. The OECD Forum on Wednesday 26th started after the opening remarks by Mathias Cormann, Secretary-General, OECD, with launching the global dialogue; insights form leaders. The OECD forum was attended by representatives of the Public and Private sector, Universities and Civil Society. Key Topics • Galvanising the private sector for integrity: from policy to practice. Concrete solutions emerging from public-private cooperation such as peer-to-peer learning and the use of technology for integrity were topic of conversation. • Tackling the demand side: Innovative approaches to combat foreign solicitation. Bribery solicitation remains a pervasive challenge in global markets, undermining fair competition and public trust. The 2021OECDAnti-Bribery Recommendation introduced new provisions to address bribery solicitation, to move a step forward. Participants discussed how to enhance cross-border collaboration and enforcement can help disrupt solicitation schemes while fostering greater accountability and fairness in international business. The proactive role of companies in resisting solicitation, strengthening compliance programmes, and reporting corrupt practices were also highlighted. Tackling both the demand and supply sides of bribery is crucial to building a balance and effective approach, ensuring systemic change and promoting integrity in global markets. • Harnessing cutting-edge technologies and collaboration for a holistic fight against corruption. Cutting-edge technologies – such as data analytics, digital forensics, and artificial intelligenceare driving transformation in enforcement, compliance and oversight efforts. The collaboration between enforcements authorities , the private sector, and civil society, multistakeholder approaches and data-sharing framework, can strengthen the global response to corruption. • Addressing de-risking and illicit financial flows to unlock sustainable development financing. Panellists examined how cooperation, public-private partnerships, and strong political commitments can help mitigate de-risking and mobilise finance for sustainable development. • On Thursday March 27th focused a session on the OECD Public Integrity Indicators (Plls): From evidence to reform. The panellists, including Gonzalo Guzman, Chair of the ICC Global Commission on Business Integrity, shared insights on how the Plls can drive action, build resilience to risks, and support innovation. The Plls can help to a structured approach. The session also awarded the winners of the OECD Anti-Corruption Research Challenge, researchers who used the OECD Public Integrity Indicators to propose novel insights for anticorruption policies across OECD member and non-member countries. The winners didn’t really find significant results referring to the indicators. However transparency is quite important. The mentioned the Netherlands as one of the countries which can set more goals. • Greening with integrity: Tackling corruption in the green transition. The green transition offers immense opportunities for sustainable development but also presents significant corruption risks that could undermine its potential. How we can make sure that the green transition is with integrity. A panellist from the World Bank stated that corruption is everywhere. Insights were shared into how anti-corruption measures can strengthen trust and transparency, ensuring that the race toward a greener future remains both sustainable and equitable. Make the data available, use a multistakeholder approach and invest in transparency to make the difference. Not only the technical solutions are important, but also the political will. A challenge is how to show that a fair green transition is not slower, will cost no more. • Addressing strategic corruption: How to leverage the anti-corruption toolbox. • Bridging the data gap: Leveraging technology to strengthen the fight against corruption. In addition there were a lot of side events during the conference and the rest of the week.

< Back Koorosh H. Ameli Ameli Intenational Arbitration Arbitrator Biography Judge Ameli specialises in international arbitration disputes involving issues of public international law, international investment law, bilateral and multilateral treaty law, sanctions law, Iranian law, as well as related commercial and contract law. He has particular experience in the oil and gas sector, major infrastructure projects, expropriations, telecoms, and other investment disputes. He has acted as arbitrator in more than 100 cases conducted under the UNCITRAL, ICC, LCIA and ad hoc arbitration rules. He also regularly acts as legal expert, counsel and legal consultant in major international arbitration and litigation cases. For more, see Ameli International Arbitration (ameliarbitration.com) Contact Details Netherlands +31 70 205 1298 k.ameli@ameliarbitration.com Additional Links Link About ICC Netherlands We ensure that Dutch business interests are heard and represented in international policymaking. We deliver tools and standards that simplify cross-border business like model contracts or Incoterms®. We support fair and efficient dispute resolution . Become a member Upcoming events Learn more Check our latest news! News Languages Spoken Persian, English Specialisation International Arbitration, Investment / Public International Law, Treaties, Contracts, Oil & Gas, Infrastructure, Telecoms, Expropriation, Sanctions, Iranian Law Bar Admission(s) Credentials CV

Latest News Filter by Category Select Category Enter your email* Subscribe I want to receive monthly newsletter and updates from ICC Netherlands. * 21 Apr 2026 Trade & Global Economy Customs at an inflection point Four trends shaping global trade compliance in 2026 Read More 6 Apr 2026 Trade & Global Economy Reflections on a career in international trade: Bart Jan Koopman on the ‘new normal’, survival mode, and the future of global commerce “Optimism is almost a responsibility. Without a healthy dose of optimism and perseverance, you won’t get anywhere.” Read More 1 Apr 2026 Digital Trade ICC Netherlands welcomes adoption of eBL legislation Electronic bills of lading now legally recognised under Dutch law, supporting faster and safer trade flows Read More 1 Apr 2026 Trade & Global Economy WTO MC14: A fragile outcome at a critical moment for global trade The outcome of WTO MC14 highlights growing strain on the multilateral trading system. With no agreement on key issues such as reform and digital trade, uncertainty persists. Read More 31 Mar 2026 Dispute Resolution Arbitration from the Corporate Perspective A conversation with Huie (Sandy) Huang Read More 25 Mar 2026 Digital Trade Orchestrating the back office of the future: why the human factor is becoming the primary vulnerability As financial institutions digitalise their back offices, fraud is evolving from technical breaches to human manipulation. What does this shift mean for control, governance and risk in increasingly automated environments? Read More 23 Mar 2026 Integrity Shifting the perspective of ethics and compliance by focusing on return-on-investment Compliance is often treated as overhead until the costs of non-compliance show up in legal fees, disruption, and lost trust. This post explains how you can reframe ethics and compliance as a value protecting system and shows how ROI language helps shift compliance from the department of no to an active safeguard and contributor of enterprise value. Read More 23 Mar 2026 Dispute Resolution ICC Executive Board approves revised Rules of Arbitration The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has approved a revised version of its Rules of Arbitration. The new Rules will enter into force on 1 June 2026. Read More 23 Mar 2026 Integrity OECD Global Anti-Corruption & Integrity Forum 2026 At the 2026 OECD Integrity Forum, integrity and responsible business conduct emerged as strategic, data-driven drivers of competitiveness, requiring stronger integration with ESG, risk management and governance. Read More 20 Mar 2026 Marketing & Advertising ICC launches guidance on responsible AI in marketing As AI transforms marketing practices, ICC’s new guidance helps businesses apply established advertising standards to ensure transparency, accountability and consumer trust. Read More 17 Mar 2026 Digital Trade ICC launches global policy paper on preventing online and ICT-enabled fraud Read More 3 Mar 2026 Dispute Resolution The bigger picture of arbitration A conversation with Marc Krestin, Partner at Fieldfisher Read More 3 Mar 2026 Trade & Global Economy “Geopolitics is back in the boardroom”: a conversation with Marhijn Visser Ahead of WTO MC14, shifting trade dynamics and geopolitical pressures are directly affecting supply chain resilience, digital trade continuity and long-term planning; we discuss what Dutch business should anticipate and how engagement can strengthen predictability. Read More 2 Mar 2026 Trade & Global Economy “How Europe can stay economically strong in an age of geopolitical rivalry”: A conversation with Arend Jan Boekestijn As geopolitical rivalry increasingly shapes technology leadership, supply chains and energy security, European competitiveness depends on strategic coherence and institutional reform. We explore what this shift means for growth, resilience and long-term investment planning. Read More 27 Feb 2026 Integrity Boards under the microscope: from compliance to ethical stewardship As regulatory complexity, geopolitical pressure and AI reshape the risk landscape, how can boards transform ethics from a control function into a driver of long-term value, and what does this shift mean for today’s compliance leaders? Read More 27 Feb 2026 Trade & Global Economy Shaping the next chapter of global trade: the business agenda for MC14 Ahead of WTO MC14, 145 business organisations are urging reform and renewal of the digital trade Moratorium. This will have direct implications on legal certainty, cross-border data flows and the competitiveness of Dutch companies operating globally. Read More 25 Feb 2026 Climate & Sustainability CBAM enters a definitive phase: what businesses need to know With CBAM now in its definitive phase, carbon exposure has become a financial and operational reality for importers. What does this mean for margins, customs compliance and supply chain strategy in 2026 and beyond? Read More 25 Feb 2026 Climate & Sustainability COP 31 - Implementation is the real test As preparations for COP31 move forward, climate policy is shifting from targets to delivery, with new finance rules, carbon markets and trade measures increasingly shaping investment conditions, risk management and competitiveness for internationally active Dutch businesses. Read More 25 Feb 2026 Trade & Global Economy Will the UN Tax Framework reinforce certainty or create new fragmentations? UN negotiations on a new tax framework are entering a decisive drafting phase, with potential implications for treaty networks, service taxation and dispute resolution. These developments could have a substantial impact on internationally active Dutch businesses. Read More 24 Feb 2026 Digital Trade EU AI Omnibus - ICC’s position How will the EU’s AI and Digital Omnibus adjustments affect compliance costs, cross-border data flows and AI deployment strategies? We examine the practical implications for Dutch and internationally active companies as negotiations move forward. Read More 3 Feb 2026 Digital Trade Join the ICC Global Digital Trade Sandbox Digital trade is moving from ambition to execution. The ICC Global Digital Trade Sandbox offers companies a unique, vendor-neutral environment to test real digital trade processes, contribute to global pilots, and help shape the future of cross-border trade. Read More 3 Feb 2026 Dispute Resolution A Deeper Dive into the Importance of Dispute-Resolution Clauses Dispute-resolution clauses are often treated as boilerplate — but they are anything but. In our latest interview, Marieke Schaink explains why getting them right is a core element of risk management in international contracts. Read More 3 Feb 2026 Trade & Global Economy What Geopolitical Fragmentation Means for International Business Geopolitical fragmentation is no longer a risk scenario, it is the operating environment. In our interview, Michael Every unpacks what today’s geopolitical shifts mean for international business, and why companies must rethink strategy, resilience and assumptions. Read More 29 Jan 2026 Trade & Global Economy WTO reform at a critical juncture: business, policymakers and institutions in dialogue Keeping the multilateral trading system alive Ahead of the WTO Ministerial Conference, ICC Netherlands and VNO-NCW convened a timely round table on 29 January with business, policymakers and international institutions. The discussion confirmed one clear message: the system is under pressure, but indispensable — and reform is the only viable path forward. Read More 6 Jan 2026 Trade & Global Economy Intelligence-driven responses to geopolitical risk, espionage threats and cyber-attacks Geopolitical shocks, cyber-physical attacks and insider threats aren’t “emerging risks” anymore – they’re hitting companies now, and faster than leaders can update their plans. For our latest ICC Netherlands newsletter, we interviewed Tim Bosch (co-founder of the Birdwatcher Group) on why traditional scenario planning is collapsing, why every company is already a target, and why resilience can no longer be a project – it must embedded into your operating system. If your organisation isn’t preparing to pivot in days rather than quarters, it’s already behind Read More 6 Jan 2026 What ICC Members Can Expect from ICC Netherlands in 2026 In this New Year edition, ICC Netherlands outlines its strategic priorities for the year ahead, focusing on trade, integrity, dispute resolution, sustainability, leadership and digitalisation. Discover how we will work with our members, partners and global ICC network to strengthen Dutch business resilience in a rapidly changing world. Read More 2 Jan 2026 The Eight Key Benefits of ICC Arbitration for Business Disputes Read More 19 Dec 2025 Trade & Global Economy ICC warns of double taxation risks in latest UN tax talks As United Nations negotiations on a Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation continue, ICC warns that reforms risk creating new layers of double taxation. Following the latest round of talks in Nairobi, ICC states that expanding taxing rights without mandatory safeguards and relief from double taxation could undermine cross-border investment, strain tax administrations and weaken global growth. Read More 18 Dec 2025 Trade & Global Economy Revitalising the multilateral trading system: Call for action Ahead of the 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14), ICC calls on members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) to launch a structured, time-bound WTO reform round and preserve the Moratorium on Customs Duties on Electronic Transmissions – essential steps to restore stability and confidence in global trade. Read More 17 Dec 2025 Dispute Resolution Joint ICC Arbitration Day: Key Takeaways Arbitration is evolving, fast. Missed the Joint ICC Arbitration Day? Catch the key moments: new ICC rules, Court insights, in-house expectations, and Europe’s shifting landscape. Read More 1 Dec 2025 Trade & Global Economy Navigating Geopolitical Risk in a Fractured World In a global landscape marked by geopolitical tension, regulatory fragmentation and increasingly fragile supply chains, businesses face risks that are more complex – and more consequential – than ever. To explore how organisations can navigate this uncertainty, we spoke with Tobias Wellner, a Senior Analyst at global specialist risk consultancy Control Risks. Read More 1 Dec 2025 Dispute Resolution International Arbitration: from a neutral’s perspective Continuing our series of interviews with arbitration experts, we spoke with Marieke Witkamp, a retired Dutch commercial judge now based in Houston, where she serves full-time as an international arbitrator. [...] In this interview, she reflects on the moment she truly understood the power of arbitration, the advantages it offers over litigation, and how dispute resolution continues to evolve across different sectors. Read More 27 Nov 2025 Dispute Resolution What Businesses Really Want to Know About Arbitration: Top Questions from Last Week’s ICC Workshop What questions do businesses really ask about arbitration? From sanctions and enforcement to confidentiality and clause drafting, discover the top questions businesses raised during our latest ICC arbitration workshop. Read More 26 Nov 2025 Trade & Global Economy The WTO’s hidden value Every time a product clears a border, every time a services firm invests abroad, or every time an innovator protects a patent overseas, they are relying on WTO rules, committees and monitoring systems designed to reduce risk and increase predictability. Read More 23 Nov 2025 Climate & Sustainability COP30 Falls Short of What the Global Economy Needs COP30 reaffirmed global commitment to the Paris Agreement, but its outcomes fall short of what the world economy urgently needs. Without clear pathways on adaptation, mitigation and finance, the private sector’s ability to deliver climate solutions at scale remains constrained. Read More 7 Nov 2025 Climate & Sustainability Updated Global Framework for Responsible Environmental Marketing Communications ICC has released its updated 2025 Framework for Responsible Environmental Marketing Communications, providing global guidance to ensure environmental claims are accurate, transparent and evidence-based. Read More 4 Nov 2025 Dispute Resolution The Silent Drain on Enterprise: The Economic Impact of Unresolved Commercial Disputes A new ICC–Oxera report reveals the staggering global cost of unresolved commercial disputes, which drain liquidity, suppress investment, and weaken trust in markets. The study highlights how affordable, digital dispute resolution can unlock growth, especially for SMEs, and strengthen justice as essential economic infrastructure. Read More 3 Nov 2025 Trade & Global Economy Competitiveness in times of Geo-economic Fragmentation As global power shifts toward fragmented multipolarity, trade is increasingly shaped by geopolitics, security, and strategic autonomy. Businesses must navigate competing rules, supply-chain risks, and political pressures to remain competitive in an era of geo-economic fragmentation. Read More 3 Nov 2025 Digital Trade Paperless Trade Pilot Handbook – Road to a broader Digital Trade Paperless trade is no longer a distant aspiration; It is today’s most practical lever for cutting cost, time, and risk in cross-border commerce. Read More 3 Nov 2025 Dispute Resolution Arbitration in Focus Bas van Zelst is a partner at Enhance Arbitration, a law firm dedicated exclusively to arbitration. Enhance provides (co-)counsel, arbitration and advisory services. He is also a member of the ICC Netherlands Arbitration & Dispute Resolution Committee. In this article, he talks about the main definitions and characteristics of arbitration – and how these differ from litigation. He also outlines what makes the Netherlands an attractive seat of arbitration, and shares his thoughts on the link between arbitration and peace. Read More 2 Nov 2025 Climate & Sustainability From Ambition to Economic Delivery: ICC’s Call to Action Ahead of COP30 As world leaders prepare to meet in Belém for COP30, ICC calls on governments to turn climate ambition into economic delivery. Representing over 45 million companies, ICC urges concrete action on finance, adaptation and market integrity to unlock private investment and make the transition to net zero a driver of growth and resilience. Read More 1 Nov 2025 Integrity Highlights from the Week of Integrity 2025 The Week of Integrity 2025 brought together organizations across sectors to explore how integrity strengthens culture, trust, and sustainable growth. From the launch of the new Book of Integrity to inspiring partner initiatives and thought-provoking dialogues, the week proved that integrity is a year-round capability, not just a one-week commitment. Read More 30 Oct 2025 Trade & Global Economy ICC Trade Register 2025 Built on over USD 25 trillion in transaction data, the ICC Trade Register 2025 offers the most comprehensive insight into global trade and supply chain finance. Its findings confirm trade finance as a low-risk, high-impact asset class—and show how data-driven evidence continues to shape smarter regulation, sustainability, and competitiveness worldwide. Read More 27 Oct 2025 Climate & Sustainability Turning Ambition into Action: ICC and Sage Release 2025 SME Climate Finance Stocktake A new ICC–Sage report reveals that while SMEs are leading on sustainability ambition, access to green finance remains critically low. The study calls for digital solutions, simpler reporting, and smarter policy to unlock the trillions needed for small businesses to drive the global net-zero transition. Read More 21 Oct 2025 Digital Trade ICC Calls for Government Action and Business Expertise to Strengthen Global Cyber Resilience As the UN prepares to launch a new Global Mechanism on cybersecurity, ICC urges governments to pair decisive action with business expertise to strengthen global cyber resilience. The private sector, operating on the front lines of digital defense, must be meaningfully included to ensure policies are practical, inclusive, and future-proof. Read More 7 Oct 2025 Dispute Resolution Beyond the Contract: Insights from the ICC NL Dispute Resolution Forum 2025 At the ICC Dispute Resolution Forum on 7 October, experts explored how culture, trust, and human behaviour shape cross-border business disputes. The discussions revealed that resolving conflicts effectively starts long before the contract is signed. Read More 7 Oct 2025 Global Insights Building common ground in a fragmented world From trade digitalisation to sustainability and WTO reform, one message keeps returning: ambition is high, but the system must move faster. A reflection on clarity, trust, and cooperation, and why bringing people together still matters most. Read More 6 Oct 2025 Trade & Global Economy ICC Netherlands at the WTO Public Forum 2025 in Geneva At the WTO Public Forum 2025, ICC Netherlands joined global leaders to address one key question: how can we rebuild trust in global trade? From digitalization to AI and sustainability, the call for WTO reform has never been more pressing. Read More 6 Oct 2025 Climate & Sustainability Circular Plastics and Dutch Leadership: An Interview with Willemijn Peeters, founding director of Searious Business "The Netherlands stands at a crossroads. If we embrace circularity at scale, we can future-proof our economy, strengthen our resilience, and prove that sustainability and competitiveness can go hand in hand". Read More 1 Sept 2025 Trade & Global Economy Global trade – an urgent need for reform Global trade is at a crossroads. Rising protectionism, geopolitical tensions and stalled reforms threaten the stability of the rules-based system that underpins Dutch and international business. In this interview, Valerie Picard, ICC’s Head of Trade, explains why urgent WTO reform is needed, what “revitalising the global trading system” means in practice, and how Dutch companies can play a leadership role in shaping the future of trade. Read More 1 Sept 2025 Digital Trade ICC Netherlands calls on Dutch Parliament to accelerate adoption of MLETR ICC Netherlands, together with a broad coalition of companies, banks and business associations, has presented a whitepaper to the Dutch Parliament calling for swift adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR) – a move that will cut costs, reduce delays and strengthen the Netherlands’ competitive position. Read More 1 Sept 2025 Digital Trade ICC Netherlands roept Tweede Kamer op: versnel adoptie van digitale handelsdocumenten (MLETR) ICC Nederland heeft samen met een brede coalitie van bedrijven, banken en brancheorganisaties een whitepaper aangeboden aan de Tweede Kamer om snelle invoering van de UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR) te bevorderen – een stap die kosten bespaart, doorlooptijden verkort en de concurrentiepositie van Nederland versterkt. Read More 31 Aug 2025 Climate & Sustainability Share Your Story: Be Part of ICC’s Global Climate Campaign Business has a crucial role to play in tackling climate change – not only by reducing risks but by creating opportunities. Real-world examples from companies of all sizes show policymakers and peers that innovation and investment can deliver climate solutions at scale. That’s why ICC is calling on businesses to share their stories as part of its global climate campaign ahead of COP30. By showcasing successes and lessons learned, we can inspire action, remove barriers, and make the case for the enabling policies needed to accelerate the clean transition. Read More 28 Aug 2025 Climate & Sustainability ICC Report: Unlocking Private Sector Investment for Climate Adaptation Climate change is already costing the global economy trillions, yet adaptation finance continues to lag far behind what is needed. A new ICC–Oxera report highlights how the private sector can play a decisive role in closing this gap. With public funds alone insufficient, innovative instruments, better risk data, and enabling regulation are essential to unlock private investment at scale. As the official voice of business in the UN climate process, ICC will bring these recommendations to COP30 in Belém to advocate for a stronger role of business in building global climate resilience. Read More 20 Aug 2025 Trade & Global Economy Business takeaways from the first rounds of UN Tax Framework Convention negotiations ICC is advocating for predictable, stable global tax rules to support cross-border trade and investment at the first rounds of United Nations Tax Framework Convention talks. Taxpayer rights, rigorous economic analysis, clarity on new instruments and effective dispute prevention and resolution were championed as key priorities for business. Read More 15 Aug 2025 Climate & Sustainability Business disappointed by failure to secure global plastics treaty The International Chamber of Commerce has issued the following statement at the conclusion of the latest round of intergovernmental negotiations on a proposed UN plastics treaty: Read More 28 Jul 2025 Climate & Sustainability How to scale private finance for adaptation and unlock new business opportunities As the frequency and severity of climate-related events escalate, there is a growing consensus that mitigation alone is insufficient. Adaptation must play a central role in securing resilience. To support this shift, the new ICC-commissioned Oxera report assesses how the private sector’s role in climate adaptation can be strengthened and scaled. The report is intended to inform ICC’s advocacy as the official UNFCCC Focal Point for Business and Industry in the lead-up to COP30 in Belém. Read More 26 Jul 2025 Climate & Sustainability Enhancing Climate Finance in Emerging Markets Emerging markets and developing economies need US$450–550 billion in additional annual climate finance by 2030, but private flows are declining. ICC’s new policy brief shows how targeted reforms to the Basel III framework could unlock 3–4 times more private investment in climate-aligned projects. Ahead of COP30, ICC is calling for a structured dialogue with regulators to ensure climate finance flows to where it is most urgently needed. Read More 11 Jul 2025 Global Insights Harmonised AI standards to reduce fragmented global rules This ICC policy paper highlights how divergent AI regulations across countries can lead to fragmented global markets and increased business costs. ICC calls for greater coordination on the development of international, market-driven AI standards, to bridge legal differences, reduce compliance burdens, improve market access and enhance cross-border innovation. Read More 10 Jul 2025 Trade & Global Economy ICC and WCO release trade facilitation recommendations for enhanced integrity at borders Integrity at borders is fundamental to sustainable trade and economic growth. A new joint International Chamber of Commerce-World Customs Organization paper highlights how trade facilitation – by digitalising processes, reducing complexities and increasing transparency – can be a powerful tool for fighting corruption. Read More 4 Jul 2025 Business Solutions ICC Anti-corruption Clause The ICC Anti-corruption Clause is a voluntary contractual provision that companies can include in their commercial agreements, whereby they undertake to comply with the 2023 ICC Rules on Combating Corruption or commit to put in place and maintain an anti-corruption compliance programme. Read More 30 Jun 2025 Climate & Sustainability Business at the Table: ICC and the Private Sector at the SB62 Climate Talks At the June 2025 Bonn Climate Conference, business leaders led by the ICC called for urgent action to remove regulatory and financial barriers, scale up adaptation, and support high-integrity carbon markets. With COP30 nearing, they urged governments to align with 1.5°C goals and shift from talk to action, emphasizing that the private sector is ready but needs the right conditions. Read More 30 Jun 2025 Climate & Sustainability New ICC Policy Brief Calls for Regulatory Reforms to Unlock Climate Finance in Emerging Markets ICC urges targeted reforms to global banking rules, especially Basel III, to unlock climate finance for emerging markets. The brief proposes near-term fixes and deeper changes to ease capital barriers without risking financial stability. Read More 30 Jun 2025 Climate & Sustainability FfD4 Opens in Seville: A Crucial Test for Financing the SDGs At the FfD4 conference in Seville, the ICC called for practical, private sector-led financing to achieve the SDGs, urging action beyond symbolic commitments. With the “Compromiso de Sevilla” agreed, ICC is pushing for greater business input on SME investment, tax reform, and climate finance. Read More 30 Jun 2025 Trade & Global Economy Project Phoenix: A Bold Business-Led Response to Trade System Fragmentation At the National Committee (NC) Strategic Session held during We are ICC Week 2025, ICC unveiled its most ambitious initiative in recent years: Project Phoenix. Introduced by ICC Secretary General John W.H. Denton following a high-level panel with Shinta Kamdani, Arancha González, and Andrew Wilson, the launch framed ICC’s response to deepening geopolitical and economic uncertainty. Read More 30 Jun 2025 Climate & Sustainability Post-UNOC3: Business Rallies for Ocean Action with Landmark Call to Policymakers Over 80 businesses and networks joined an ICC-led declaration at UNOC3, urging urgent action to protect ocean health as key to climate resilience and economic prosperity. The Business Call to Action outlines commitments and policy asks to scale sustainable ocean solutions and is open for more support. Read More 30 Jun 2025 Marketing & Advertising European Commission Withdraws Green Claims Directive — ICC Welcomes Opportunity for Constructive Recalibration The European Commission has withdrawn the Green Claims Directive after concerns over burdens on SMEs, marking a key advocacy win for ICC and its members. ICC now invites businesses to help shape future sustainability marketing policies that are credible, practical, and innovation-friendly. Read More 30 Jun 2025 Trade & Global Economy Beyond the West: Rethinking Europe’s Role in the Global Order Alex Krijger, a historian and geopolitical advisor, says the 2025 NATO Summit was a turning point, with Europe finally stepping up to take more responsibility for its own security. He believes the world is shifting toward a new global balance of power, and Europe needs to build fairer relationships with the Global South, rethink old institutions, and broaden its view beyond just Western perspectives. Read More 30 Jun 2025 ICC #WeAreICCWeek From 16–19 June, #WeAreICC Week brought together over 200 ICC representatives and leaders from 85 countries in Paris for a dynamic series of strategy and governance meetings. Highlights included the annual meeting of the ICC World Council, chaired by Philippe Varin, and a gathering of the ICC Executive Board. Read More 24 Jun 2025 Dispute Resolution ICC Dispute Resolution Statistics: 2024 The annual ICC Dispute Resolution Statistics offer a comprehensive overview of disputes submitted to the ICC International Court of Arbitration and the ICC International Centre for ADR. They provide an in-depth breakdown of the numbers and global reach of ICC Arbitration and other ICC Dispute Resolution Services worldwide. Read More 16 Jun 2025 Integrity Building Integrity Through Trust and Psychological Safety A culture of integrity doesn’t come solely through regulations; it thrives on trust, transparency, and psychological safety. Psychological safety—where individuals can speak up and raise concerns without fear—is the foundation of a strong compliance culture. Read More 13 Jun 2025 Global Insights Major banks set industry milestone with endorsement of ICC’s Principles for Sustainable Trade Finance A group of leading Trade Finance banks have announced their endorsement of the International Chamber of Commerce’s (ICC) Principles for Sustainable Trade Finance (ICC PSTF). This group, and further supporting banks, collectively represent as much as 25% of the global trade finance market by volume. Read More 12 Jun 2025 Dispute Resolution ICC arbitration tops global survey The Arbitration Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) have been named the world’s preferred arbitration rules in a global survey investigating current trends in user preferences and perceptions. Read More 11 Jun 2025 Digital Trade Data flows in supply chains: Practical realities and policy implications Cross-border data flows are essential for efficient global supply chains, enabling real-time coordination and logistics across borders. ICC provides concrete recommendations to align policies with operational realities and keep trade flowing. Read More 10 Jun 2025 Climate & Sustainability ICC joins Business Call to Action to accelerate global cooperation for our oceans In a joint Business Call to Action more than 80 businesses and supporting organisations from 25 countries, including 55 businesses representing over €600 billion in turnover and 2 million employees, urged both private and public decisions-makers to strengthen global cooperation and accelerate action to conserve and sustainably use the ocean. Read More 4 Jun 2025 Trade & Global Economy Why services can’t realistically be tariffed and shouldn’t be New ICC brief outlines why tariffs on cross-border services are unworkable and what policymakers should do instead. Read More 2 Jun 2025 Trade & Global Economy ICC warns trade uncertainty is undermining global business confidence Speaking live in an interview on Bloomberg’s Balance of Power show with hosts Kailey Leinz and Joe Mathieu, ICC Secretary General John W.H. Denton AO discussed current trade policy tensions and what it means for the international business community. Read More 1 Jun 2025 Climate & Sustainability Sustainability is no longer a buzzword—it’s a business imperative Sustainability is everywhere – but what does it really mean for a business to be sustainable? And who gets to define it? To get some answers, we spoke to Ed Gillespie, whose credentials involve nearly three decades at the forefront of sustainability. Read More 1 Jun 2025 Trade & Global Economy Africa – issues and opportunities relating to trade In the previous issue of this newsletter we heard that the USA represents just 13% of global trade. In our conversation with Secretary General of ICC United Kingdom Chris Southworth, he said that “we need to focus on the remaining 87% of the global trade system.” Read More 28 May 2025 Dispute Resolution Mediation in Practice: Empowering Legal Professionals with Strategic Tools for Commercial Disputes On 28 May, ICC Netherlands joined forces with CMS and the Academy of Legal Mediation for a highly interactive and well-attended afternoon dedicated to exploring the strategic use of mediation in commercial disputes. Read More 27 May 2025 Trade & Global Economy Developments on the UN Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation The ICC convened a timely briefing to update business stakeholders on the UN-led process to negotiate a new Framework Convention on International Tax Cooperation. Read More 23 May 2025 Trade & Global Economy A call to de-escalate transatlantic trade tensions In response to a US proposal to increase tariffs on European Union goods, ICC is calling for redoubled ongoing efforts to renew the US-EU trade relationship. Read More 20 May 2025 Events Trading Blows or Building Bridges? Navigating Global Trade in a Multipolar World As global trade becomes increasingly politicised, polarised, and unpredictable, how should businesses respond? On 20 May, ICC Netherlands gathered leading voices from business, policy, and finance to explore the realities—and responsibilities—of trading in a multipolar world. What emerged was a clear message: navigating complexity isn’t optional, it’s strategic. Read More 15 May 2025 Digital Trade The Netherlands Moves on eBL Legislation — But More is Needed for True Trade Digitalisation The Dutch government has taken an important first step in the digitalisation of trade by submitting a bill to Parliament that formally recognises the legal validity of electronic bills of lading (eBLs). Read More 14 May 2025 Trade & Global Economy Reimagining WTO Dispute Settlement: a business case for mediation Mediation under the World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement Understanding can help governments resolve trade frictions faster, cheaper and more constructively – if they’re willing to use it. ICC is making the case. Read More 8 May 2025 Integrity Speaking up is Golden: The Importance of Integrity for a Safe Reporting Culture in Organizations Organisations are often well-insured against rare events like fires but underestimate the frequent and damaging risks of integrity violations such as fraud or misconduct; investing in a strong integrity culture and internal reporting procedures is essential for early detection and reduced harm. Read More 6 May 2025 Integrity Navigating the divide: Acting with integrity when cultural adaptation is required Danielle Dielissen shows how personal background shapes integrity in business and emphasizes self-awareness, role models, and diversity to uphold ethical behavior across cultures. Read More 5 May 2025 Business Solutions ICC Global Marketing and Advertising Commission At the 2025 ICC meeting, key updates were shared on advancing ethical advertising practices, including new policies on responsible AI use, environmental claims, and marketing to children—emphasizing the importance of transparency, inclusivity, and public trust. Read More 5 May 2025 Events Advance Integrity in Business – Join the Business Integrity Accelerator The UN Global Compact Network Netherlands and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) are launching the Business Integrity Accelerator (BIA)—a global program designed to help companies move beyond compliance and embed integrity into their core strategy and operations. Read More 4 May 2025 Dispute Resolution Draft Smart, Resolve Smarter: How to Use Mediation Clauses Effectively Amid rising geopolitical tension, mediation is gaining traction in international contracts—but its effectiveness depends on clear wording and local legal interpretation. Read More 3 May 2025 Trade & Global Economy Incoterms® 2020: Navigating Risk, Responsibility & Reality in Global Trade Incoterms® 2020 help businesses manage tariff and compliance risks in global trade by clearly defining who is responsible for transport, insurance, and customs duties. Strategic use can reduce seller exposure to tariffs, making these terms crucial tools in navigating today’s volatile trade environment. Read More 2 May 2025 Trade & Global Economy Global Trade Uncertainty Rises: 42% of Firms Brace for Impact A recent ICC Pulse Survey reveals growing concern among global businesses following the U.S. administration’s 2 April 2025 announcement of sweeping new tariff measures. Read More 1 May 2025 Trade & Global Economy Dissecting the trade war: The response, new data and cautious optimism President Trump’s trade war has disrupted global trade, but according to Chris Southworth (ICC UK), it also presents an opportunity for other countries—who make up the bulk of global trade—to strengthen cooperation, accelerate digitalisation, and build a more resilient system. Read More 25 Apr 2025 Trade & Global Economy ICC Pulse Survey 2025: Business reactions to new U.S. tariffs The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) conducted a pulse survey of its global business network from 3 -11 April 2025. The Survey assesses the impact of newly announced U.S. tariff measures. Read More 15 Apr 2025 Trade & Global Economy Pronounced spike in low-level crimes in Singapore Straits The ICC International Maritime Bureau (IMB) has revealed a rise in global piracy and armed robbery incidents in the first quarter of 2025 – driven by a spike of incidents in the Singapore Straits. Read More 7 Apr 2025 Integrity “I Thought It Couldn’t Happen Here” In this candid interview, a regional director in France reflects on the lasting impact of a workplace harassment case, which challenged her views on leadership and integrity. Two years later, she sees integrity not as a fixed ideal, but as a daily commitment to psychological safety, accountability, and readiness. Read More 6 Apr 2025 Integrity 2025 OECD Global Anti-Corruption and Integrity Forum and ICC side event on business and government as partners for integrity to the OECD At the 2025 OECD Global Anti-Corruption and Integrity Forum, ICC hosted a side event to boost business-government collaboration on integrity, highlighting tools like updated anti-corruption clauses. Forum discussions focused on bribery solicitation, tech-driven anti-corruption efforts, integrity in the green transition, and public-private cooperation for fairer global markets. Read More 5 Apr 2025 ICC NL has a new collaborative partner: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam ICC Netherlands has partnered with Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam to enhance stakeholder engagement and share insights on integrity, compliance, and anti-corruption. The collaboration merges academic research with ICC’s global business network to drive practical, evidence-based solutions. Read More 4 Apr 2025 Trade & Global Economy Shaping the Future of Global Tax: ICC Commission Charts a Course Amid Rising Fragmentation At its March 2025 meeting, the ICC Taxation Commission tackled global tax challenges, including UN reforms, digital economy rules, and OECD compliance amid rising geopolitical tensions. The Commission stressed inclusive dialogue and business input to help shape a clear, practical international tax framework. Read More 3 Apr 2025 Dispute Resolution Dispute Resolution Best Practices: Insights from Recent ICC Trainings in the Netherlands The ICC recently conducted a two-day advanced dispute resolution training in the Netherlands, bringing together over 40 legal and business professionals to explore strategies for handling complex commercial disputes. Read More

< Back Professor Dr Henricus J. Snijders Snijders Law and Leiden University Arbitrator Biography Professor Dr Henricus Joseph (Henk) Snijders is an Emeritus Professor of Civil Law and Civil Procedure, with a distinguished career in academia and legal practice. Prof. Snijders serves as an arbitrator for prestigious institutions including the Netherlands Arbitration Institute (NAI) and the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). He is also a legal advisor and legal expert, often issuing legal opinions in both state court and arbitral procedures. He represents the Netherlands in the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and in particular Working Group IDR of this commission. He is deeply involved in legal scholarship as an author and editor of numerous books and articles, and he holds key editorial roles in several legal publications. He is a chairman and board member of various legal and academic organizations, contributing to the development and regulation of civil law and arbitration practices. His previous positions include lawyer and barrister at the Dutch Supreme Court, Professor at Erasmus University Rotterdam and Leiden University, Scientific Director of the Leiden Institute of Private Law, deputy judge at the District Court of The Hague and deputy judge of the Court of Appeal at Arnhem, member of the Working Group for the revision of the Dutch Arbitration Act 1986 and chairman of the Advisory Board of the Netherlands Arbitration Institute. Prof. Snijders' contributions to legal scholarship and practice are complemented by his roles as a patron and board member of multiple legal associations and his continued engagement in teaching and course coordination especially in the field of arbitration. In his spare time, he enjoys playing the violin and traveling. Contact Details Netherlands +31 (0)64 828 0773 law@hjsnijders.com Additional Links Link About ICC Netherlands We ensure that Dutch business interests are heard and represented in international policymaking. We deliver tools and standards that simplify cross-border business like model contracts or Incoterms®. We support fair and efficient dispute resolution . Become a member Upcoming events Learn more Check our latest news! News Languages Spoken Dutch, English, German, French Specialisation Arbitration Law, Civil Procedures, Contracts, Property Law, Tort Law Bar Admission(s) Credentials CV